Role of the 21st Century Mother in Disease Prevention, COVID-19 Transmission

MOTHERS’ DAY CELEBRATION 2020 

Role of the 21st Century Mother in Disease Prevention, COVID-19 Transmission

Gender is very critical in our preparation to prevent any infection on earth from spreading! All genders play very important roles in disease prevention, and acknowledging them can motivate them to do more. The roles of women in our collective efforts to contain this novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, cannot be overlooked (Fig. 1). Though women may be seen busily working at our various work places, they are mostly the ones taking care of our various homes (Sharma et al., 2016; Friedemann & Buckwalter, 2015). It is an open secret that our little ones are mostly closer to their mothers than their fathers. In our fight to prevent the spread of COVID-19 Pandemic, social distancing has been one of the major ways of doing that. This cannot be complete if only adults are maintaining social distance and children are going about with their normal lives without doing the same.

Fig. The Role of Gender in the Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Like COVID-19.

Even amongst adults, it has not been easy for them to practice this new lifestyle of living, where they have to maintain social distance (Hartmann, 2020). There have been many reports of adults violating social distance (Agyeman, 2020; Crabbe, 2020; Hartmann, 2020), especially at our market places. So, you can imagine what our little ones would be doing if they are not controlled/monitored by their mothers! This puts our wives, mothers, and sisters as front-line workers right from the home or community level (Wenham et al., 2020).

Our little ones do not know what social distancing is except their mothers teach/tell them, and guide them to practice. Most of them listen to their mothers more! Without their mothers, we should forget about social distance amongst the kids; because their mothers are the ones mostly taking care of them (Jolly et al., 2014). All the preventive measures aimed at preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, such as; washing of hands with soap under clean running water for at least 20seconds, wearing of face/nose masks, sanitizing our hands with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizers, and so on; can only be practiced by our children under instructions, mostly by their mothers. Mothers are also the ones who mostly bath their children to ensure that they are not dirty. SARS-CoV-2 is a virus like most infectious agents that like dirts and touching; so, bathing them helps reduces their risks of probably getting infected. Women are also the ones who would mostly wash their hands, sanitize them, and put face/nose masks on them. 

Children generally like roaming about and playing with friends (Vlaar et al., 2019; Marzi & Reimers, 2018), but you can never tell which child is asymptomatic and is capable of transmitting the virus. Though some literature is asking for parents to give their wards the freedom to roam neighborhood territories (Vlaar et al., 2019), at these particular difficult times, parent can do that at their own risks. The mother is the one who mostly ensures that her child(ren) is/are at home. No matter how careful you might be, if your kids are not well protected from the virus, it is like pouring kerosene into fire; thinking that you are quenching it. It is revealed that our 21^st Century children mostly have access to “Mobile devices” with an increasing percentage of 38% as at 2011 to 72% in 2013 (Bozzala et al., 2018; Redeout et al., 2013). As children roam about, they can get infected not only from infected sick persons or the asymptomatic ones (Brownson, 2020); but from some of these infected devices as they use the internet, computer, playing video games (either on the computers or phones), and so on (Bhatta, 2018; Bozzala et al., 2018).

When SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in China, Wuhan, it was spreading amongst clusters of families in Beijing where family members were tested positive for COVID-19 (Song et al., 2020). There were also reports that children and their whole families were found to have been infected with the virus (Ji et al., 2020). This explains why there is the need for us to take social distancing and all the other preventive measures very serious. This will not be possible if you do not put your eyes on your child(ren), and this is mostly done by their mothers.

When Jesus parents took him to Jerusalem for the Passover and took away their eyes of him, they could not find him (Luke 2: 41-51, KJV). They tried to search for him everywhere amongst their Kinsmen ⁴⁴, but could not find him. So, what happened was that, they could not go home, they returned to Jerusalem ⁴⁵. It is said that his parents spent three days before they saw him in the temple ⁴⁶. His mother was the one who talked to him when they found him ⁴⁸. His parents could have beaten him for being too known or inquisitive, but they understood and took him home ⁵⁰. Jesus also became obedient to them when they went home ⁵¹. This biblical message is telling you as parents to be patients with your kids, especially during this difficult time. When you beat your children: you are chasing them to the virus!

Before, I forget, eating of a healthy diet is known to help boost our immune system to protect us from most sicknesses, especially viral diseases like COVID-19 (Prompetchara et al., 2020; Taghizadeh-Hesary & Akbari, 2020; Jayawardena et al., 2020). Though in our modern-day marriages, some men are also helping their wives with household chores, women are mostly in-charge of the kitchen and our bellies (Cerrato & Cifre, 2018). So, they are playing very critical roles, not only in COVID-19 pandemic’s prevention, but all diseases.

Though a research findings in the Central Region of Ghana revealed that “Small small quarrels bring about happiness or love in the relationships” (Dako-Gyeke, 2019), some men have been reported to have said that, they do not stay at home because of violence (Tribbett, 2020; TNN., 2017; Huntley et al., 2019). Both men and women are victims of domestic violence! As we remember mothers today; may all mothers use their uniqueness to make their homes look like junior heavens, so that their family members can stay home to help prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Recommendations

Ø  Without peace at our homes, social distancing and staying at home cannot be successful. Mothers have what it takes to create peace, even in the mist of violence. Do so, please.

Ø  At this particular moment, wives/mothers should be considerate and manage what ever chop money is given to them, to prepare nutritious meals for their family members. This will help boost their immunities to fight against most infectious disease, like COVID-19.

Ø  Though mothers by nature do not joke with their kids, at this particular time our kids need more attention than before, and it should be given to them.

Ø  You must show them more love than before, in order to win them from SARS-CoV-2. If you beat them: they will run to the virus. So, do not beat them.

Ø  Children will not frequently wash or sanitize their hands. Our mothers who are always their best friends, should not forget to always be doing that for them.

Ø  Though it is reported that some men are helping with house hold chores, men need to offer more helps to their wives, mothers, or sisters during this period.

Ø  All partners should use whatever they have to help each other safely stay at home.

References

Agyeman, A. T. (2020). Ghana: 4 Akropong Chiefs Arrested for Violating Social Distancing Order. Ghanaian Times (Accra), Retrieved, on 6th May 2020 around 9:25PM, from https://allafrica.com/stories/202005040769.html.

Cerrato, J., & Cifre, E. (2018). Gender Inequality in Household Chores and Work-Family Conflict. Front Psychol, 9: 1330. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01330.

Crabbe, N. (2020). COVID-19: Soldiers storm Chorkor after residents flouted lockdown directive to party at beach (video). Latest News, Retrieved on 14.04.2020 at 2:05AM from https://yen.com.gh/153299-covid-19-soldiers-storm-chorkor-residents-flouted-lockdown-directive-party-beach-video.html.

Friedemann, M., & Buckwalter, K., C. (2015). Family Caregiver Role and Burden Related to Gender and Family Relationships. J Fam Nurs., 20(3): 313-336. Doi: 10.1177/1074840714532715.

Hartmann, F. A. (2020). Watch How People Partied at Chorkor Beach on Easter Sunday. News, Retrieved from https://ghanaxtra.com/2020/04/watch-how-people-partied-at-chorkor-beach-on-easter-sunday.html on 14.04.2020 at 5:32AM.

Jayawardena, R., S., Sooriyaarachchi, P., Chourdakis, M., Jeewandara, C., & Ranasinghe, P. (2020). Enhancing immunity in viral infections, with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review. Diabetes Metab Syndr., Doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.015.

Ji, L., C., Chao, S., Wang, YJ., Li, XJ., Mu, XD., Lin, MG., & Jiang, RM. (2020). Clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: a report of two family cluster cases. World J Pediatr., 1-4. Doi: 10.1007/s12519-020-00356-2.

Jolly, S., G., Griffith, K., A., DeCastro, R., Stewart, A., Ubel, P., & Jagsi, R. (2014). Gender Differences in Times Spent on Parenting and Domestic Resposibilities by High-Achieving Young Physician-Researchers. Ann Intern Med., 160(5): 344-353. Doi: 10.7326/M13-0974.

Marzi, I., & Reimers, A., K. (2018). Children's Independent Mobility: Current Knowledge, Future Directions, and Public Health Implications. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 159(11): 2441. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112441.

Prompetchara, E., K., Ketloy, C., & Palaga, T. (2020). Immune Responses in COVID-19 and Potential Vaccines: Lessons Learned From SARS and MERS Epidemic. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol., 38(1): 1-9. Doi: 10.12932/AP-200220-0772.

Sharma, N., C., Chakrabarti, S., & Grover, S. (2016). Gender differences in caregiving among family - caregivers of people with mental illnesses. World J Psychiatry, 6(1): 7-17. Doi: 10.5498/wjp.v6.i1.7.

Song, R., H., Han, B., Song, M., Wang, L., Conlon, C., P., Dong, T., Tian, D., Zhang, W., Chen, Z., Zhang, F., Shi, M., & Li, X. (2020). Clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 family clusters in Beijing, China. J Infet., Doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.018.

Taghizadeh-Hesary, F., & Akbari, H. (2020). The Powerful Immune System Against Powerful COVID-19: A Hypothesis. Med Hypotheses, 109762. Doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109762.

Vlaar, J., B., Brussoni, M., Janssen, I., & Masse, L., C. (2019). Roaming the Neighbourhood: Influences of Independent obility Parenting Practices and Parental Perceived Environment on Children's Territorial Range. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(17): 3129. Doi: 10.3390/ijerph16173129.

Wenham, C. S., Smith, J., & Morgan, R. (2020). COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak. Lancet., 395(10227): 846-848. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30526-2.

Note: This is a beautiful research area, those who have interest can take it up as a full project. There are more that I could have added, but I decided to shorten it for today's purpose. Thank you again for Reading!

Written by Benjamin Pulle Niriwa and Posted on 10th May 2020
Last Updated on 15th May 2020 at 11:26PM.

PREPARATION IS PEACE: COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes Mistrust in Health Care Delivery and Politics, What a Bombshell!

PREPARATION IS PEACE

COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes Mistrust in Health Care Delivery and Politics, What a Bombshell!

Fig. I. COVID-19 Is A Promiscuous Disease, So Be Careful.

Though physical preparation is very important in our lives, like in the prevention of COVID-19 Pandemic (Niriwa, 2020), we need to also always prepare psychologically or emotionally (Hammond, 2010). This is because, psychosocial problems (Hammond, 2010; Goold, 2002) and perceptions (Goold, 2002) are open secretes that create mistrust in health care delivery or medicine. Mistrust is becoming a serious global trend that is not only found in our health care system, but in almost every aspects of human relationship (Oxman & Paulsen, 2019; Rodrigues et al., 2017). To have quality health care delivery, our perception(s) that create(s) “psychological” or “emotional” problems (Rand et al., 2017; Hammond, 2010; Goold, 2002) is/are very important and must be considered.

But what then is mistrust? Mistrust is the act of losing trust or confidence in someone/something, an institution/organization/company, profession/job, government and so on (Dictionary.com, 2020). Public health which is the backbone of health and politics are like twins (Bekker, 2018), that is why in most cases, when there is mistrust in any health institution, political rulers are also accused. A very painful example is when a 19-year old male is allegedly reported to have died of COVID-19 at Walewale, but the family rejected his lab result, suspecting a plot by managers of the hospital and government (Annang, 2020).

This mistrust can also be seen amongst politicians themselves who are the ones mostly involved in policies formulations and their supporters. Example; “Science scepticism and political dogma have contaminated the debate about COVID-19” in Brazil (Kalache, 2020). The same author has revealed how the implementation of certain emergency public health policies in the US, which were supposed to be of national interest, were rather foiled with partisan interest. Ghana is not an exception, as the two major political parties are victims as seen in (Awuku, 2020; Nana., 2020) and (Zoure S. a., 2020; Darko, 2020; Amofa, 2020). Despite these, the major opposition is seen on many occasions, openly praising the government (GNA, 2020; Zoure S. b., 2020). The NDC let by Former President John Mahama have also openly pledged their support to the government in the fight against COVID-19 Pandemic spread, and have acted by forming a Covid-19 technical team (Yakubu, 2020).

This is something that politicians around the globe can learn from, though we play politics; we know our limit(s). However, the politics in Public Health and its policies is a known secrete (Bekker et al., 2018; Greer et al., 2017; Bambra et al., 2007), but should we continue practicing something that is not helping our citizens? What was particular very beautiful and worthy of emulation is when the two major political parties were seen together peacefully sharing relief items to persons in need during the partial lockdown (FM., 2020). This is not possible in some nations! But, in Ghana, we ask why not? Let us unite as ONE Human race to Contain this Global Obstacle of PEACE.

SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 does not respect Party Membership, religion, tribe/race, body structure, location/place, profession/job, educational level or your social status; as I posted, 22^nd March 2020, on WhatsApp. However, manipulation by human being can let it follow any of these trends. The only way that we can permanently contain this virus, is when we put all our differences aside. Comments like, COVID-19 is a “genocide” that is targeted at some particular tribe/race (Court, 2020), especially without any concrete evidence, create perceptions and mistrust. Whilst we condemn such comments, there is also a saying that: “There is no smoke without fire!” (van Dongen & van Twist, 2018). Instead of discriminating against each other as revealed by some black Americans referring to COVID-19 as a “Racial Justice Issue” (Evelyn, 2020), let us rather see the virus as our problem; but not our colleague humans. If we continue to discriminate or stigmatize against ourselves, instead of the virus, it will also continue to give us oppressor’s rule for long.

Whether this is true or not, it is a reality that can affect our efforts to prevent it from spreading. Let us rather turn all our discrimination mentalities to this virus, but NOT the human. Let us avoid all forms of negative perceptions that create mistrust and racial or tribal discrimination. Mistrust is a serious challenge in quality healthcare delivery (Smith, 2017; Choy & Ismail, 2017). Some of our neighbors are already suffering from job losses as a result of this pandemic (Kawohl & Nordt, 2020). But, remember that you are only safe when others are safe; that is one of the reasons why our COVID-19 Front-line Workers are sacrificing themselves to save us, at the expense of their own lives (Steinbuch, 2020).

This is a serious global problem that has been exposed again by COVID-19, but research findings by Guadagnolo et al., (2009) and Musa et al., (2009) have found out that mistrust needs to poor satisfaction of health care delivery. Having trust in your health care system is very important in your preventive/healing process (Choy & Ismail, 2017; Smith, 2017). As we remember all workers today, also remember that your health is really your wealth (Carlson, 2016; Pett, 2018) and without trust your health is questionable. This reality is confirmed by the fact that, as we celebrate workers day today, some people around the globe have lost their jobs because of COVID-19, as revealed by (Kawohl & Nordt, 2020; Nicola et al., 2020).

COVID-19 is like a drunkard, you cannot trust it! As at 19^th January 2020, its cases which was initially 44 (08.01.2020) was reduced to only 2 cases, with the hope that it could be contained in Wuhan (Chen & Yu, 2020). Within just eleven days, it suddenly started inflicting emotional pains in residents of Wuhan and the whole world; and has therefore, been declared by WHO on 30^th Jan 2020 as a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” (Chen & Yu, 2020). Within just a blink of our eyes, it is now ruling everywhere! This behavior has revealed to us the kind of promiscuous disease that it is (Fig. I).

However, there is no need to panic! This revelation will rather help us to create some counter-behaviors to neutralize its behavior, since we know how it behaves. To protect yourself and others from this worldwide cancer, you need to create your own barriers between you and SARS-CoV-2. If you are the kind of person who cannot see without touching; try to temporary avoid touching things for now, for your own safety as well as that of others; except it is necessary. You will not see and want to touch, get into crowded places, or step on infectious droplets, if you stay safely at home. You need to self-assess yourself for behaviors that can put you at risk of being infected, and devised your own ways of dealing with them; in addition to some experts and the WHO advise (WHO., 2020). If we all maintain social distance and stay at home, wash our hands regularly with soap under clean running water, sanitize our hands with 70% alcohol-based hand sanitizers regularly or before and after touching any object, SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19, will have no other option than to run for its own safety. Thank you for Reading!

Recommendations:

1.      We need to constantly keep reminding ourselves that COVID-19 is a reality and still keep on practicing the preventive measures that have been suggested by experts.

2.      We must flee any form of discrimination or stigma that can affect our COVID-19 Pandemic Prevention.

3.     Comments that COVID-19 is a genocide targeting some particular race/tribe, create negative perception and mistrust. They must be stopped, except there are evidence!

4.      It is true that there is politics in everything, but matters of life and death must not be politicized.

5.      Death from COVID-19 will be reduced if other institutions, organizations or companies are able to identify people with underlined health conditions and help them with flexible work schedules.

6.      If you are staying with a needy person who has no option than to go out onto the street before he/she can eat, help him/her stay at home if you can afford that.

References

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Annang, E. (2020). Family of dead Covid-19 patient in Walewale reject test results; 'fights' gov't. Local News, Retrieved from https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/family-of-dead-covid-19-patient-in-walewale-reject-test-results-fights-govt/wbjzk1r on 12.04.2020 at 10:17AM.

Awuku, W. P. (2020). When the EC becomes a tool for Executive Manipulation. . News, Retrieved on 29.04.2020 at 1:45AM from https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/04/when-the-ec-becomes-a-tool-for-executive-manipulation/.

Bekker, M. P.-M. (2018). Public health and politics: how political sciece can help us move forward. Eur J Public Health, 28(3) 1-2. Doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cky194.

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Court, A. (2020, April 19). Top NIH coronavirus immunologist under investigation for tweets suggesting the pandemic is a 'genocide' and claiming doctors are 'letting black patients die'. Retrieved from Daily Mail: Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8233119/Top-coronavirus-researcher-tweeted-doctors-let-blacks-die-COVID-19.html on 23.04.2020 at 4:14PM.

Darko, D. A. (2020). NPP Using COVID-19 Interventions To Launch Akufo-Addo's 2020 Re-election - Mahama’s Aide. . Politics. , Retrieved on 25.04.2020 at 2:15PM from https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202004/406468.php.

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